ROLE OF BIOMARKERS IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline and memory loss. Early diagnosis is critical for therapeutic interventions and management to slow disease progression. Biomarkers, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, neuroimaging, and blood-based indicators, have emerged as pivotal tools for early detection of AD pathology prior to clinical symptom onset. This review critically evaluates the current role of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease, focusing on their diagnostic accuracy, accessibility, and integration into clinical practice. Special attention is given to biomarker research advancements within Pakistan and similar low-resource settings. Findings suggest that multimodal biomarker approaches improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, facilitating early intervention. However, challenges such as cost, standardization, and infrastructural limitations hinder widespread implementation. This article advocates for focused research and policy frameworks to enhance biomarker-based diagnostics in Pakistan.
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